Preamble On a worldwide basis, anthracnose is the single greatest economic constraint to chili and sweet pepper production. This disease is especially damaging to the important chili crops grown in tropical and subtropical areas of the world where it causes extensive pre- and post-harvest losses. Disease management practices are often inadequate and resistant varieties are not available. Identification of anthracnose resistance sources in Capsicum spp. during the past 10 years has triggered numerous efforts to introgress resistance into chili and sweet pepper lines and provided hope for development of resistant varieties and new management strategies. Problems encountered introgressing resistance into Capsicum annuum; complications due to chili anthracnose being incited by multiple Colletotrichum spp.; uncertainties of pathogen species identification; variation in the predominant pathogen species by location and changes over time; and observed breakdown of resistance sources in some locations will be discussed.   Mission To improve management of anthracnose in Capsicum spp. through greater knowledge and understanding of the pathogens, hosts, and their interactions.   Purpose To bring together a multidisciplinary group of scientists involved in research on anthracnose of Capsicum spp. from around the world for an exchange of information on problems and progress in anthracnose management. Participation by public and private sector institutions engaged in finding solutions to this important problem is encouraged and anticipated.