Damage Symptoms

Common strains cause light and dark green mottled areas on the leaves. Some strains may cause a bright yellow mottling. Plants infected in an early stage of growth are usually stunted and have a yellowish cast. Leaves become curled, reduced in size, and malformed. The foliage may have a prominent upward leaf roll. Infected fruit may show browning, internally and/or within the wall.


Conditions for Development

The virus is easily transmitted mechanically. Infected seed, and leaf and root debris are common sources of inoculum. Chewing insects, such as grasshoppers and beetles, can transmit the virus.


Control

Use resistant cultivars. Avoid planting in soil that contains TMV from previous crops. Steam sterilize seedling mix and containers at 100ºC. for 30 minutes. Steam sterilize all equipment after each crop. All workers should wash with soap and water before handling containers or plants.